Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the CTLA-4/CD80 or PD-1/PD-L1 axes constituted a major breakthrough in the treatment of several types of tumors, such as inoperable or metastatic melanoma and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [29,30,31,32]. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.