NCAM1 and hydrops fetalis: Immunoblotting studies showed that adherent DPCs cultured on plastic (2D-style HF model) barely expressed NCAM, versican, and a-SMA proteins, while DP spheroids formed on Matrigel expressed all of them [42,46,47] β-catenin expression was there as well, which is important because of the known fact that the upregulation of canonical WNT–β-catenin signaling is essential for HF growth [48,49,50].