BRCA1 and ovarian carcinoma: Biomarkers such as carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), breast cancer 1 (BRCA1), and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) are used for the diagnosis of ovarian cancers, but the diagnosis of ovarian cancers based on these common biomarkers remains unsatisfactory [55].