The antioxidant functions of PON1 are well-documented in pathways against atherosclerosis as follows [13,14]: (a) PON1 hydrolyzes peroxides and lactones in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and HDL particles, as well as protects macrophages from oxidation; (b) it is a homocysteine-thiolactonase, which is posited as one of its physiological activities, (c) it is a xenobiotic metabolizer, (d) it protects beta cells, and finally, (e) it regulates endothelial homeostasis. The gene discussed is PON1; the disease is atherosclerosis.