While the role of HBc has not yet been defined in detail [37], HBx has been shown to have multiple effects on the host epigenetic machinery, including interaction with DNMTs, HMTs, CBP/P300 complex possessing HAT activity as well as ncRNAs, to modulate the expression of host genes associated with HCC. This evidence concerns the gene TMPRSS11D and hepatocellular carcinoma.