Additional pathways induced by CCR5 include the protein 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1, PDK1, crucial for activating PI3K–Akt kinase pathway that signals via different transcription factors to induce cell survival, glycolysis, cell proliferation, immune cell differentiation, growth, and proliferation of both differentiated GBM and GSCs [13,15,84]. Here, CCR5 is linked to glioblastoma.