An important function for matrix stabilization becomes obvious by the fact that mutations in TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 have been identified causative for Loeys-Dietz-syndrome 4 and 5, which is characterized by thoracic aortic aneurysm, joint laxity, and scoliosis [46,47,48]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB3 and thoracic aortic aneurysm.