APOB and atherosclerosis: Low HDL-C levels; a total cholesterol to HDL-C (T-CHO/HDL-C) ratio greater than five; and high levels of LDL-C, triglycerides, non-HDL-C (total cholesterol minus HDL-C), and apolipoprotein-B (ApoB) are all conventionally considered biomarkers of atherosclerosis [19].