In tumor tissues of obese breast cancer patients, significant accumulation of tumor-associated macrophages accompanied by activated NLRC4 inflammasomes was observed, thus activating IL-1 β to promote VEGF-α (VEGFA) secretion by adjacent adipocytes and enhancing MMP-9 expression in tumor tissues, eventually favoring tumor angiogenesis [39]. This evidence concerns the gene MMP9 and breast carcinoma.