In experimental rat liver fibrosis, nanoceria markedly reduced hepatic macrophage infiltration, oxidative-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress messengers (Hspa5, Atf3), and the expression of M1-related genes (Il-1β, Tnf-α, iNos, and cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2)) in comparison to vehicle-treated animals [32]. Here, PTGS2 is linked to Hepatic fibrosis.