Cytokines, including IL-6, IL-11, IL-27, interferons (IFN-α/β/γ) and their receptors, may mediate the malignant transformation of urothelial cells and the progression of BC via activation of JAK-STAT3 (Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) pathway [201,202]. This evidence concerns the gene STAT3 and breast cancer.