Interestingly, Bernardini et al. (2001) confirmed that the serum level of VEGF-A in urothelial bladder cancer patients was positively correlated with tumour grade, stage, vascular invasion and the presence of carcinoma in situ [281]; moreover, VEGF-A values exceeding 400 pg/mL were highly predictive of metastatic cancer disease. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is in situ carcinoma.