BPI and infection: RNA sequencing analysis of the ileum of probiotic-treated animals found a significant reduction in the expression of inflammatory factors BPI, RSAD2, SLPI, LUM, OLFM4, DMBT1, and C6. Probiotic treatments have also been shown to be effective in protecting against infection and the harmful inflammatory response produced by Gram negative pathogens such as ETEC [19,43,46].