IF1 mRNA expression was increased in the left ventricle (LV)lysates obtained from several models of murine HF; including mice with cardiomyocyte autonomous expression of activated Gαq [15], mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) [16], or mice subjected to a myocardial infarction (MI) [16] (Figure 1A). Here, ATP5IF1 is linked to myocardial infarction.