However, use of PSA testing as the sole indication for prostate biopsy lacks specificity, resulting in overdiagnosis and potentially over-treatment of indolent PCa (i.e., non-aggressive), and, at the same time, may result in missing clinically significant PCa (csPCa) diagnoses in men with PSA levels below the cut-off value [2,3,4]. Here, KLK3 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.