At this purpose, chimeric receptor antigen (CAR)-T cells, antibodies against developmental pathways (e.g., anti-CSF1R antibody) [111], neutralizing antibodies for soluble factors [44] (e.g., inflammatory cytokines, BMP4, Activin A etc.)could be harnessed to target the “corrupted” leukemia microenvironment in combination with chemotherapy-based or immune-mediated anti-leukemia strategies. This evidence concerns the gene BMP4 and leukemia.