TNF and precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Moreover, we recently demonstrated that the stimulation of MSCs and endothelial cells by a cocktail of the inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6, that we found upregulated in the BM plasma of B-ALL patients, was able to modify the production and secretion of several chemokines such as CCL2 and CX3CL1, whose possible role has been already discussed [70].