PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Indeed, in this study, using WB we found that sEV isolated from the plasma of chemotherapy-naïve NSCLC patients carried higher levels of immunosuppressive molecules such as CD39, CD73, PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, TGFβ, Fas, FasL, and COX-2, and few immunostimulatory molecules (OX40L, TRAIL) when compared to the cargo of sEV originating from HD plasma (Figure 2).