Over-expression of TRPV1 suppressed isoproterenol-induced proliferation and attenuated isoproterenol-induced increases in expression of collagen type 1, collagen type 3 and fibronectin, while partially blocking downregulation of p-Akt and p-eNOS, and the decrease in NO and cGMP in mouse CF [167]. Here, TRPV1 is linked to cystic fibrosis.