All these processes trigger the activation of different pathways in many cell types, both of the retina and choroid, involved in chronic inflammation (e.g., through the activation of the NF-κB pathway) [83,84,85,86], impairment of autophagy, activation of the complement system and hypoxia [87,88], with the consequent further release of ROS and the initiation of a vicious cycle and progressive amplification of the pathologic events that result in cell death and AMD progression [83,84,85,86,89]. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is age-related macular degeneration.