TNF and osteoarthritis: Similar data were found in our recent study, which reported that OLE controlled the production of inflammatory mediators decreasing IL-1β, TNF-α, INF-γ, IL-6, IL-17 and IL-18 in LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages [30] and, in previous works reported by Scotece et al., (2012; 2019) using a chondrogenic and macrophage cell line or human primary osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes LPS-stimulated [28,29].