INS and proliferative diabetic retinopathy: As regards as the modulatory effects of NaMESys-SOR on insulin signaling, our data confirm the tight link between the VEGF pathway and the IGF1-IGF1R pathway, which is involved in regulation of VEGF expression and angiogenesis both in experimental model of retinal neovascularization [55] and in proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients [56].