TERT and hepatocellular carcinoma: The main somatic genetic alterations observed in HCC were related to telomere maintenance (TERT promoter 40–60%, TERT amplification 5%), cell cycle control (TP53 15–40%, RB1 3–8%, CDKN2A 2–12%), Wnt-β catenin pathway (CTNNB1 10–35%, AXIN1 5–15%), epigenetic regulation (ARID1A 5–15%, ARID2 3–10%), oxidative stress pathway (NFE2L2 3–6%, KEAP1 2–8%) and AKT/mTOR and Ras/Raf MAP Kinase pathways (RPS6KA3 2–9%, PIK3CA 1%, TSC1 2%, TCS2 3%, FGF19 5%) with 2 to 6 driver genes altered per tumor among a total of 40 to 60 coding somatic mutations [13,14,15,16,17].