When pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines were investigated in serum from females we observed an up-regulation of several molecules previously found down-regulated in male mice [25], such as IL1α, IL12p40/70, IL6, KC and MIP1-α, a chemokine that was also found higher in the blood of neuropathic pain patients [26] (Table 2). This evidence concerns the gene IL1A and neuropathic pain.