TNF and neoplasm: Our laboratory, however, focused on using TILs as cell carriers because: (1) TIL therapy has demonstrated impressive efficacy results in humans [29], (2) chimeric 5/3 adenoviruses can bind to lymphocytes [13], (3) TNFa and IL-2 coding oncolytic adenoviruses previously demonstrated excellent synergy with TIL therapy [17], (4) preclinical models have shown that TILs have the ability to home preferentially to tumor sites in contrast with regular T cells [23].