In mice, different hepatotoxic stimuli linked with the development of different forms of chronic liver disease are shown to stimulate hepatocyte ATX expression, leading to increased LPA levels, activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and amplification of profibrotic signals, while the hepatocyte-specific deletion of ATX attenuates HCC development [70]. Here, ENPP2 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.