In conclusion, these findings suggest that: (i) when β-amyloid is present, it mainly contributes to a faster temporal lobar atrophy with a pattern of distribution and atrophy resembling that occurring in AD; (ii) when tau is present, cortical aggregates may be associated with cognitive impairment; (iii) when amyloid and tau are present, amyloid-β appears to be associated with cognitive impairment and tau pathology with lower frequency of clinical features of DLB. The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is Alzheimer disease.