It is now common to use EGFR TKIs in patients with activating mutations within the EGFR gene (10–15% of Caucasian NSCLC patients), ALK TKIs in patients with ALK gene rearrangements (5–7%), ROS1 TKIs in patients with ROS1 gene rearrangements/fusions (1–2%) and dabrafenib in combination with trametinib in patients with BRAF gene mutations (2–4%). This evidence concerns the gene ROS1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.