ACKR3 and prostate carcinoma: The involvement of DPP-4 in metastasis of prostate cancer cells was shown in the work undertaken by Sun et al. The experiments showed (both in vitro and in vivo) that proteolytic cleavage of CXCL12 by DPP-4 protects from finding to its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7/RDC1 and thus protect from neoplasm invasion.