CSF2 and neoplasm: Among these subpopulations, M1 macrophages are described as proinflammatory cells, with killing effects on pathogens and tumor cells and proinflammatory cytokine production, being involved in inflammatory diseases [4,5] This type of cell is induced by inflammatory stimuli such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) produced by other immune cells or bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) [2,3].