In a similar manner, MAPK p38-induced cytokine expression during neuroinflammation accelerates the development of chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) [181], Alzheimer’s disease (AD) [144], and Parkinson’s disease (PD) [148], potentially through dysregulation of the neurovascular unit. The gene discussed is MAPK14; the disease is Parkinson disease.