KISS1 and Anxiety: In the males, whereas the changes in Cyp19a1 and Kiss1, only evident at PND10, and only for DES treatment, are likely acute responses to estrogenic treatment, the 30% drop in Oxt mRNA in adult males and a lesser, though not significant, reduction in the DBP treatment group for the same gene transcripts, is evidence of a persistent effect on a known estrogen-responsive gene, with documented effects on a variety of behavioral paradigms in mammals, including affiliative and aggressive behaviors, maternal behavior, anxiety, sexual function, and appetite [28,42,43].