For example, Hongo et al. observed that high nuclear HMGB1 expression was associated with a poorer response to CRT in rectal cancer patients (high HMGB1 N = 52 vs. low HMGB1 N = 23), in terms of both the tumor reduction ratio and the post-CRT histological tumor regression grade [45]. Here, HMGB1 is linked to neoplasm.