SUB/AKR acts in concert with Relish/Toll-like receptor (TLR)-nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) inducing immune deficiency (IMD) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/TLR signaling pathways that are involved in the immune response to pathogen infection in ticks and in vertebrate organisms [21,22,23,24,25,26]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is infection.