VHL and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: The Drosophila genome also contains homologs for key genes driving or contributing to ccRCC, including VHL (dVHL), HIF-α (sima), HIF-1β (Tango), and downstream effectors of the hypoxic response, VEGF (Pvf1, Pvf2, Pvf3), EGFR (dEGFR), and GLUT1 (dGlut1) (Table 4).