Based on what is known about how artesunate works in malaria, we hypothesized that the kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway, which is often mutated in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), would play an important part in determining the sensitivity of NSCLC cell lines to artesunate. This evidence concerns the gene NFE2L2 and malaria.