PPARGC1A and fatty liver disease: Considering that hepatic expression of PGC-1α correlates negatively with the severity of hepatic steatosis [22], upregulation of PGC-1α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT1a) by CA or CL treatment suggests enhanced fatty acid oxidation and implies that these compounds would have benefits in alleviating hepatic lipid accumulation.