ICOSLG and neoplasm: Interestingly, the highest decrease in tumor volume growth rate was detected in the group of mice treated with AdV-D24-ICOSL-CD40L in combination with anti PD-1 (31.3 mm3) with a significant difference when compared to the group treated with AdV-D24 plus anti PD-1 (244 mm3) (p < 0.001 for tumor volume) and the group treated with anti PD-1 (445 mm3) (Figure 5A,B).