A large number of genes is regulated by the activated VDR complex, and since the VDR gene polymorphisms have been investigated, several associations have been evaluated with a wide variety of diseases, including musculoskeletal conditions, osteoarthritis, diabetes, malignant tumors, cardiovascular diseases, viral infections, tuberculosis, oral diseases, urinary stone, and autoimmune diseases [31,32]. The gene discussed is VDR; the disease is diabetes mellitus.