The success of IMbrave150 has several significant impacts on the treatment landscape of HCC: firstly, atezolizumab–bevacizumab has now been established as arguable the first-line treatment of choice; secondly, ICI and VEGF targeting agent combinations have been proven to be safe and efficacious; and finally, future clinical research of second-line treatment should be focused on anti-PD-1/L1 resistant patients. Here, PDCD1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.