Nevertheless, a recent paper reported that TNF rather than IL-10 is the major inhibitor of IFNα production by pDCs in HPV negative HNSCC, since neutralization of TNF in HNSCC supernatants almost completely restored the ability of pDCs to produce IFNα in response to CpG-A [173]. This evidence concerns the gene IFNA2 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.