Some researchers have suggested that CCN3 could serve as a disease activity biomarker for RA, with significant positive correlations observed between CCN3 levels and 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28, whether characterized by erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR] or C-reactive protein [CRP]), with higher DAS28 scores reflecting worsening disease [13]. Here, CRP is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.