In overweight and obese volunteers, daily Akkermansia muciniphila supplementation, for 3 months, resulted in improved insulin sensitivity and reduced insulinemia and plasma total cholesterol [166]; accordingly, dietary interventions for reducing obesity (calorie restriction, energy reduction, diet rich in prebiotic fibers) are associated with increased levels of A. muciniphila [167]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.