It was also found that hippocampal pCREB levels were augmented 10 min and 5 h after IA training in normal rats whereas in the hippocampus of αFMH–treated rats, which displayed long-term memory impairments, an increased CREB phosphorylation was found just 10 min after training, suggesting that histamine activates the CREB pathway to exert its mnemonic effects during the temporal progression of LTM consolidation [44]. Here, CREB1 is linked to memory impairment.