Interestingly, the transcriptional upregulation of AID induced in response to stimulation esophageal epithelial cells exposed to bile acid is mediated by the NF-κB signaling pathway, suggesting that aberrant AID expression represents the link between duodenogastric-esophageal reflux and increased susceptibility to carcinogenesis in the pathogenesis of Barrett’s esophagus [53,57]. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and Barrett esophagus.