IL6 and gestational diabetes: In a similar fashion, GDM patients have also been shown to associate a proinflammatory state, with GDM placenta-derived EVs rich in proinflammatory cytokines releasing significant amounts of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-6, and IL-8 [152].