A study of Bhansali et al. found that metformin promotes mitophagy via AMPK activation by increasing the expression of key mitophagy genes, such as PINK1, Parkin, NIX, and LC3, and preserving mitochondrial health in the mononuclear cells of T2D patients [421,422]. The gene discussed is BNIP3L; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.