IL4 and cancer: The highlights of these studies were the superior efficacies of the G. lucidum stipes, whose extract could exert higher cytotoxicity in cancer cells [18] and stronger immunomodulatory activities in terms of enhancing the proliferative responses and the cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) productions of the spleen lymphocytes of tumor-bearing mice [19], when compared with the efficacies of the G. lucidum pileus.