In AEG-1−/− testes, an increased expression of DNA repair protein Rad18, the altered expression of Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNAs) and decreased levels of miR-16 and miR-19b, known to be reduced in the semen of infertile men, were observed, suggesting a potential role of small non-coding RNA regulation by AEG-1 in maintaining normal spermatogenesis [136]. This evidence concerns the gene MTDH and Infertility.