CTLA4 and neoplasm: Immune checkpoints, which are composed of immunosuppressive molecule receptors or their ligands such as programed death receptor 1 (PD-1)/programed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) modulate inactivation of CD8+ T and nature killer (NK) cells, resulting in tumor immune evasion in TME.