Analyses based on clinical specimens showed that AHNAK2 regulated the EMT via a TGF-β/Smad3 pathway in lung adenocarcinoma and a hypoxia inducible factor-1α/zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (HIF-1/ZEB1) pathway in clear cell renal cell carcinoma [10,16]. This evidence concerns the gene SMAD3 and clear cell renal carcinoma.