A randomized controlled trial in Austria [59] (n = 38, mean age = 10.8 years) examined the effect of a β-glucan-enriched (a fiber source) bedtime snack (provided at 10:00 p.m.)on nighttime blood glucose levels in patients with T1D and determined lower blood glucose levels until 2:00 a.m. with β-glucan-enriched snacks compared to conventional snacks. The gene discussed is PPIB; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.